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Saturday, April 28, 2012

Contents of WCDMA SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT CHANNEL CONDITIONS

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ON MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN WCDMA SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT CHANNEL CONDITIONS

Contents

Certificate

Abstract

Acknowledgement

List of Tables

List of Figures

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Background of WCDMA

1.3 Modulation Technique

1.4 Problem Background

1.5 Problem Definition

1.6 Previous Work

1.7 Objectives

1.8 Scope of Work

1.9 Thesis Outline

Chapter 2 WCDMA System

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Evolution of Communication Systems

2.3 International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 (IMT2000) 2.3.1 Comparisons between WCDMA

and Cdma2000

2.3.1.1 WCDMA

2.3.1.2 Cdma2000

2.3.1.3 Technical Comparison of WCDMA and Cdma2000

2.4 DSSS WCDMA

2.5 DSSS CDMA Bit Error Probability Calculations

2.6 Theoretical DSSS CDMA System

2.6.1 Transmitter Model

2.6.2 Receiver Model

2.7 Channel Model

2.7.1 AWGN

2.7.2 Rayleigh Fading

Chapter 3 Modulation Techniques in WCDMA

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Bit Rate and Symbol Rate

3.3 Bit Error Rate (BER)

3.4 Signals-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)

3.5 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

3.6 M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)

3.7 Noise and Interference

3.7.1 Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)

3.7.2 Rayleigh Fading

3.7.2.1 Doppler Shift

Chapter 4 Configurations on WCDMA System

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Simulation Methodology

4.3 Generation of Spreading Code

4.4 Code Generation by LFSR (Linear Feedback

Shift Register)

4.5 Generation of M-Sequence

4.6 Configuration of Transmitter and Receiver

4.7 Steps Taken to Realize the Simulation

in main.m file

4.8 Limitation

Chapter 5 Result and Discussion

5.1 Simulation Results

5.1.1 Performance Analysis of QPSK

Modulation Technique of WCDMA

in AWGN

5.1.2 Performance Analysis of QPSK

Modulation Technique of WCDMA

in AWGN and multipath Fading Channel

5.1.3 Performance Analysis Comparison of

QPSK Modulation Technique of WCD-

MA between AWGN and Multipath

Fading Channel

5.1.4 Performance Analysis of 16-QAM

Modulation Technique of WCDMA

in AWGN

5.1.5 Performance Analysis of 16-QAM

Modulation Technique of WCDMA in

AWGN and Multipath Fading Channel

5.2. Analysis and Discussion

Chapter 6 Conclusion

6.1 Conclusion

6.2 Suggestion for Future Work

References

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WCDMA SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT CHANNEL CONDITIONS

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ON MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN

WCDMA SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT CHANNEL CONDITIONS

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ON MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN WCDMA SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT CHANNEL CONDITIONS-ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

WCDMA system is meant for high data rate transmission such as implementation of the third generation (3G) mobile system. Any mode of mobile transmission is not free from channel impairment such as noise, interference and fading. These channel impairments cause signal distortion and degradation in signal to noise ratio (SNR). Thus one method to overcome this problem is by introducing modulation technique in the mobile transmission system. The performances of these modulation techniques are evaluated when the system is subjected to AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading are considered in the channel for a number of users. In order to visualize the effect of modulation technique in communication channel, simulation method of the WCDMA system is carried out. Thus computer simulation software, MATLAB has been used to evaluate Bit-Error-Rate (BER) for W-CDMA system models. Further analysis and discussion is made based on the results obtained. A study is needed for analysis of Quadrature phase shift key and 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude modulations which are being used in wideband code division multiple access system, so that the system can go for more suitable modulation technique to suit the channel quality, thus we can deliver the optimum and efficient data rate to mobile terminal. It is discovered that the performance of 16-QAM is significantly degraded in AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading channel compared to that of QPSK. Error correction coding is needed to be used in this system particularly with 16-QAM to ensure better performance of WCDMA system.

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Friday, July 1, 2011

A PROJECT ON Analysis and Development of a Pay Per Click Advertising System : Chapter Six

Chapter 6 Implementation & Description of System Components 1. System Design Overview 2. Back-End 3. Front-End (Server-Side) 6.1 System Design Overview To develop a website for the public utility is a matter of handling a lot of data. So we have to develop an efficient way to handle a lot of data, so that the site becomes faster and flexible. The website developed for Graphical User Interface (GUI) with database connectivity requires two basic components – Back-End and Front-End, PHP is used to develop the Front-End and several RDBMS like MySQL, SQL Server are used as Back-End. The design overview is depicted using the flowchart. Flowchart: A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm i.e. it is visual picture which gives the steps of algorithm and also the control between the various steps.

Flow diagram: Automated Pay Per Click Advertising System 6.2 Back-End 6.2.1 Database The tables used to store data are designed in a relational architecture. The details descriptions and data types of the tables of database are illustrated in the following tables: All Tables: (picture) User Table: (picture) Ads Table: (picture) 6.3 Front-End (Server-Side) 6.3.1 Designing of Data Entry Interface: The major configuration of Automated Advertising System depends on data entry, because different kind of managerial decision needs information from this software. We can extend this software for various online activities of any organization whole needs. There is different kind of interface for information add like: Home Page: (picture) Figure : Homepage (picture) User Information Page: (picture) Figure : User Information Page (picture) User Login Page: (picture) Figure : User Login Page (picture) User Registration Page: (picture) Figure : User Registration Page (picture) Figure : Ads View Page (picture) Forum Home Page: (picture) Figure : Forum Home Page (picture) Contact Page: (picture) Figure : Contact Page (picture) Ads Package Page: (picture) Figure : Ads Package Page (picture) Membership Page: (picture) Figure : Membership Page (picture) Payout Page: (picture) Figure : Payout Page (picture) Administration Page: (picture) Figure : Administration Page (picture) Administration Menu Page: (picture) Figure : Administration Menu Page (picture) 6.3.2 Working Principle There are basically four main functional zones in this project: 1. Information 2. User Login 3. Administration 4. About Us 1. Information In this section we discuss about the basic information of our automated advertising system. Any advertiser who is interested to enter in the system may view advertisement, convert their credit to ads credit and advertise his link. 2. User Login This page is for the user's of the advertisement system. By submitting the ID the user can access. Here he can see his information by providing the corresponding value. 3. Administration: This page is restricted only for the administration. In this section the administrator can add and delete any ads and user, view and update ads and user.

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